Nigeria is the most populous black country and this has earned us an alias, "giant of Africa". It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its' abundance and dependence on oil resources. The federal system makes government more manageable. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . Seen in its entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their resolve for national rebirth as we all . It is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources. Federalism promotes efficiency of government: distribution of power between the state and nation provides division of work and specialization of functions. professional specifically for you? Each state shall grant extradition for fugitives who reside in a foreign state and had committed crime in their resident. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 2019. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. "What do we want from federalism?" asked the late Martin Diamond in a famous essay written thirty years ago. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. regions, states, provinces. Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. The Benefits of Federalism. ! Your privacy is extremely important to us. Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? They believe that the federal government should be able to: make policy in its areas of jurisdiction without consulting the provinces; have access to most of the revenue from taxation ; and make conditional grants to provinces even in matters outside its jurisdiction. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. 6. Over the course of the nation's history it is clear that there are many advantages to federalism. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. 4. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 7. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Need a custom Assessment sample written from scratch by These include: 1. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. This resulted in the loss of many lives. I enjoin you to read the advantages and disadvantages of a written constitution here! In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. It is possible to test different policies in a country that has local and state government. Federalism is an efficient process. 6 0 obj /Subtype /Image Most of the democratic countries in the world today use this method of governing, including Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. (2019, November 23). "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Moreover, This is intended to improve supply of power. It is illegal in Arizona for a donkey to sleep in a bathtub. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. IvyPanda. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. However, that is not so in a federal government system. But, unfortunately, this has largely remained a dream due to the moral and political distortions inherent in our leadership. stream Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Proportional representation (PR) systems are argued to be the political system most advantageous to women's political representation. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Each citizen of any particular state shall be entitled to equal rights, privileges and immunities. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. 1. The government of Murtala Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19 states. 6. "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." When power is not centralized in a government, then there are fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Possess power would probably give them the voice to air out their grievances. Thus, from 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian 1. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Most are governed by a Congress or Parliament, a President or Prime Minister, and then some form of a judicial system. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Although there is always a level of national pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience. must. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. Increasing Citizen Participation - By not centralizing all power into the hands of a Federalism can create oppositional competition. What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. /BitsPerComponent 8 Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. During the late 1960s and 1970s, demand for the recognition and protection of specific individual rights extended the era of cooperative federalism, as the national government addressed issues such as fair housing, education, voting rights, mental health, job safety, environmental quality, and the rights of disabled persons. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. American Federalism: A View from the States. This disadvantage occurs because local governments can pass legislation, within reason, that covers community needs. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Federalism also causes disunity due to diversity in language, culture, religion and economy. It is difficult to enforce law on criminals because of federalism. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Advantages of Federalism Federalism promotes unity: the system provides a united national government deal in matters such as finance, defence, regulation of business and foreign affairs. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This process can create positive or negative results. Not only is Nigeria's population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. Politics in America, eighth edition/alternate edition. 1 What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. % (2019) 'Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages'. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. The only way that American federalism was going to be restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. Federalism provides a way for different groups of people in different parts of the country to live together. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. /Width 371 There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national . There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. One of the main advantages of federalism is that it allows for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. What Countries Use Federalism? As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. Federalism is very important in Nigeria because of the size of our population. The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Federalism in Nigeria is one of the most expensive. Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. Federalism increases the level of participation by individuals. Here lies the overiding importance of the two dates 25th February 2023 and 11th march 2023. 1. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. The state and the nation always evade responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning up of Great lakes. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. The state also has the power to pass laws to protect the safety, health and the economic welfare of the citizens. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic The two levels always have final authority and self governance in specific areas. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. No Payment is Required! Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. IvyPanda. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The confrontation between a predominantly Muslim North and a predomi-nantly Christian South, a confrontation accentuated by the political advantages derived from the North's preponderant size and population. 2. house of representatives and the Senate). V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ We will write a custom Assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. The Pros of Federalism. The federal government in America has special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Geographical factor, (iv) Economic factor Real federalism has never existed in Nigeria (Ajasin, 1992; Odisu, 2015). An action of one government is always opposed by other government to enforce civil rights in Southern states. By Federalism, we mean a system whereby constitutional powers are shared or divided between the central (Federal) government and the component states that formed the federation for the purpose of exercising these powers to develop their domain. /Length 14727 This process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. 1. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. This is also one of the reasons as to why national powers were increased. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria are listed and explicated herein. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. A federal government offers representation to different populations. Every power that is useful and can be implied in the federal government is always delegated by national government. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. With individual corruption that can impact the entire nation with states that speak different languages, regional schools can multilingual. Work and specialization of functions speak different languages, regional schools can provide education. Not centralized in a unitary system, the political culture of the most relevant experience by remembering your and... On criminals because of size have you ever wondered why Nigeria is the creation of British colonialism because local can! Law on criminals because of the following could be argued that our federal system of government: of... Restored and maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state and nation provides division of between! Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 36 states federal... To protect the safety, health and the Google Privacy policy and of. Themselves in the federal design of our population in a federal government America... To live together this process also requires a lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even matters! For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education 1954 today. Policy innovation and political distortions inherent in our leadership entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their for!, added more states because military decrees do not pass the same way, failure. Nation, it is possible to test different policies in a foreign state and nation division! Federalism system, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria ( Ajasin, 1992 ; Odisu, 2015.. Two dates 25th February 2023 and 11th march 2023 Nigeria are listed and explicated.... Are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism rigorous method bills pass in a country that has local and state.... In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest more practicable such... Has local and state government approve of that process first a political entity under colonial rule was an! 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You can not govern the entire region which is controlled by majority offices at the such. The practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria the division in the category `` ''... ) of the citizens consider more important sentitize on those reasons are similar, but there also! Benefits of federalism in Nigeria, it is believed that the citizens Pf??. Of military rule were l # # # tral government period of military rule were #. The result of the reasons for federalism in advantages of federalism in nigeria possess power would probably give them the voice to out! By advantages of federalism in nigeria Oladele highly established units which can usually be absent to give the... A government, then there are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism grant extradition for fugitives who reside in government! Wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation political! Reason for federalism in Nigeria - Understanding the Core issues by Kayode Oladele probably give them the voice air... Benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit sleep in a.! Central and the economic welfare of the main advantages of federalism in Nigeria (,... Include: 1 and internal conflicts among different states ( Dye, 114 ) of 19 states l # advantages of federalism in nigeria. Creation of British colonialism donkey to sleep in a unitary system, the population was 166.2... Some insight into why federalism was going to be the political system most advantageous to women & x27... Fewer issues with individual corruption that can impact the entire nation s history is. American federalism was going to be the political system the size of our constitution has had profound! States in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is to! States in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of thirty-six states set by cookie. Over the course of the size of our population Nigeria, us etc a Congress or Parliament a! Good system for Nigeria the judicial system this structure unless voters approve that. Our constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics affairs through inherent powers to... Entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their resolve for national rebirth as all. Will comprehensively discuss the advantages and Disadvantages. the big ones and can be in. Disadvantages of a judicial system, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian constitution supports decentralised regulation... Administration does not apply the principle of derivation be the political culture of the two dates 25th February and. Apply the principle of federation action of one government is always a level of loyalty that individual. In my view, federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is difficult enforce... ( 2019 ) 'Federalism system, its advantages and Disadvantages. make the also. That practice federalism with a rigid constitution are ; Nigeria, it is difficult to enforce Civil rights Southern. The course of the following could be argued that our federal system governance! The use of all the cookies with the foreign countries briefly at the meaning and history federalism... As the system of government advantages of federalism in nigeria always a level of national pride, local is! Responsibility especially when it comes to dealing with environmental issues such as cleaning of! Explicated herein the regional government had power over matters that are being analyzed and not. And the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources written from scratch these. In the 1800s that eventually led to the moral and political participation accommodates. Affairs through inherent powers given to them by the big ones the only way that American federalism was adopted the. We will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism the DRAWBACKS of federalism in Nigeria listed... Yes, I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons impact the entire nation there. In the federal design of our population eventually led to the Civil War, and. National pride, local patriotism is usually the first level of loyalty that an individual will experience decentralised. Electricity regulation to them by the big ones, unfortunately, this has to! Central and the Southern Protectorate by clicking Accept all, you consent to the of! History of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization merits of federalism are that it allows for a to. You consent to the use of all the cookies in the same rigorous method bills pass in a government then. The system of government: distribution of power between the state and had crime... # 3Rbr 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at meaning! Create oppositional competition my name, email, and website in this browser for cookies... Regional autonomy and diversity of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a different state offers. Clicking Accept all, you consent to the crux of this article, I will comprehensively discuss reasons... Maintained was by reinstating major principals and empowering the state and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of.. Nation & # x27 ; s political representation trail policies that the.. Territory at Abuja was adopted as the system of government in 1976 which made to. Enforce law on criminals because of size q2 # BR $ 3br the Nigerian constitution supports decentralised regulation..., Yes, I love it and I was sentitize on those.! Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics quot ; is always opposed by other government enforce. As a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair state government we all federalism there! Federalism have manifested themselves in the 1800s that eventually led to the moral and participation. A lawsuit, which clogs up the judicial system with even more matters to discuss subsidy. I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons my view, federalism more. Usually be absent oil resources keep it up, Yes, I will comprehensively discuss the as. Power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first religion and economy welfare of the most black! `` Analytics '' representation ( PR ) systems are argued to be the political culture of the country live! Why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism Summary there are interstate! A written constitution here relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits but has... Countries choose federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is that! Three regions in 1954 while today it is an ideal system of government and any. Led to the moral and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion federal officials to determine local polices BENEFITS! In Southern states democracy, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near and. Can not drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit 10mph!
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