1972 Albuquerque Dukes Roster Pacific Coast League ( PCL) - Class: AAA Team Record: 92-56 Finished 1st in the PCL's East Division Manager: Tom Lasorda (92-56) Affiliation: Los Angeles Dodgers Location: Albuquerque, New Mexico Ballpark: All-Sports Stadium Attendance: 182,044, Avg. In 1962 Kansas City management moved the team to the Double-A Texas League, but dropped the team at the end of the season. from and provided by the Negro Leagues Database, a project organized This data comes from two sources. Once here, Blaney held a contest to decide the team's name, Dukes or Dodgers, which was easily won by the Dukes. Join our linker program. The Dukes played the Chicago Cubs that night. The Hall of Fame data is found for the years 1920-1948 and the You can look around and reminisce to stay connected to your favorite Albuquerque baseball team of the past! Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net. Paul KonerkoInfielder, Albuquerque Dukes (1996-98)Pacific Coast League Konerko played in 158 games over parts of three seasons with the Dukes from 1996-98, compiling impressive totals of 44 home runs, 155 runs batted in, and a cumulative .334 batting average. John McMullan was a local Albuquerque businessman who worked hand-in-hand with Bolack to promote baseball in this community and helped forge the great relationship between Albuquerque and the Los Angeles Dodgers. Manage Settings international leagues) is provided by and licensed from 24-7 Baseball and Here are the regular starters, by position: Tom Paciorek (first base), Davey Lopes (second base), Steve Huntz (shortstop), Cey (third base) and outfielders Larry Hisle, Von Joshua and Paul Powell. Copyright 2023 Stats Crew, Stats Crew - The Home of Sports Statistics. The Dukes quickly ended the series with 8-6 and 6-4 victories back home at the Sports Stadium, and advanced to what was then the Kodak World Baseball Championship, a round-robin tournament played by the champions of the PCL, American Association, International League, Hawaii Islanders and a group of Latin American all-stars. Members of the 1972 Albuquerque Dukes who played in Major League Baseball during their careers were Ron Cey, Sandy Vance, Stan Wall, Jerry Stephenson, Geoff Zahn, Steve Yeager, Tom Tischinski, Von Joshua, Larry Hisle, Steve Huntz, Charlie Hough, Bruce Ellingsen, Joe Ferguson, Tom Paciorek, Davey Lopes, Jose Pena, Rick Rhoden, Doug Rau, Eddie Solomon and Paul Powell. Ashwill data is found from 1904-1919. Beer: 50 cents (14 oz. William Lee Bill Guice attended high school in Alabama, where was a three-sport star, and served four years in the Air Force. All Rights Reserved, The Official Site of the Albuquerque Isotopes, Rio Grande Credit Union Field at Isotopes Park, Fowler will be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2022, Guice and his wife, Gladys, moved to Limo, Ohio, biggest trailblazers for integrating baseball in the West. The selection committee is: Connie Alexander, Gig Brummel, Randy Harrison, Gary Herron, Fred Hultberg, JD Kailer, Steve Lagomarcino, Dennis Latta, Fred Mateucci, Terry McDermott, Patrick McKernan, Buddy Robertson and John Traub. During his MVP campaign, he batted .323 with 156 hits, including 31 doubles, and also scored 97 runs for the Dukes. The Albuquerque Dukes of the Pacific Coast League ended the 1972 season with a record of 92 wins and 56 losses, finishing first in the league's East Division. When Simpson injured his right ankle, the Dukes donated 10 percent of the proceeds from a game to help offset his medical bills. Baseball returned to Albuquerque in 1960 after a one year hiatus when the city accepted an offer from the Kansas City As to field a team in the Class D Sophomore League. Jack PerconteInfielder, Albuquerque Dukes (1979-81, 1987)Pacific Coast League Popular infielder played 509 games for the Dukes over four total seasons. Was named the 1990 Minor League Baseball "Manager of the Year" byBaseball America. provided by Larry Lester, Wayne Stivers and Dick Clark of the Negro Soccer Stats - MLS - Women's - Division II & III - NASL - MASL - MISL - Search Chinese Professional Baseball League (Fgn), St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NCAA), Colonial States Athletic Conference (NCAA), City University of New York Athletic Conference (NCAA), Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (NCAA), Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NCAA), New England Small College Athletic Conference (NCAA), Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference (NCAA), State University of New York Athletic Conference (NCAA), College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin (NCAA), Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Confe (NCAA), Michigan Intercollegiate Conference (NCAA), Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference (NCAA), Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference (NCAA), New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NCAA), Minnesota Intercollegiate Conference (NCAA), Coast-to-Coast Athletic Conference (NCAA), Chicagoland Collegiate Athletic Conference (NAIA), California Pacific Athletic Conference (NAIA), Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference (NAIA), Heart of America Athletic Conference (NAIA), Southern States Athletic Conference (NAIA), Wolverine-Hoosier Athletic Conference (NAIA), Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League (Smr), South Florida Collegiate Baseball League (Smr), New England Collegiate Baseball League (Smr), Perfect Game Collegiate Baseball League (Smr), Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League (Smr), Cal Ripken Collegiate Baseball League (Smr), Southern Collegiate Baseball League (Smr), Scores from any date in Major League history, Minor, Foreign, College, & Black Baseball, Frequently Asked Questions about MLB and Baseball, Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREE. After many years of having a Class AA baseball team in town, the Los Angeles Dodgers were moving their Class AAA affiliate, previously in Spokane, to Albuquerque. Some defensive statistics Copyright Sports Info Solutions, 2010-2023. Was also honored as the Pacific Coast League's Most Valuable Player in 1972 after batting .307 with 27 home runs and 107 RBI. 1976 Albuquerque Dukes (Pacific Coast League) batting, pitching, fielding stats + roster for all players including future major leaguers and prospects. Perhaps most importantly, it builds upon the seminal work of Ed Washuta, who After questionable reader polls results in the Albuquerque Tribune and Albuquerque Journal, the teams general manager, Charlie Blaney, learned fans wanted to return to Dukes. The database is a work in progress, and will include more seasons and we wish to express our gratitude for all their efforts to help Baseball Stats - AL - NL - AAGPBL - Minor League Baseball - Search Won league championships in 1949 and 1950. That was Game 2 of the playoff series against Lubbock. This data comes from two sources. He also recorded 166 RBI and 122 runs scored during his time in Albuquerque. Tom Paciorek drove in 107 runs. 2,460 1972 Albuquerque Dukes Statistics Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. leagues, independent minor leagues, fall/winter leagues, and other Played in 264 career games for the Dukes, compiling a .309 batting average with 224 runs batted in. Von Joshua led hitters with significant playing time by connecting at a .337 clip. newspaper boxscores, covering league sanctioned games from 1920 to Steve Garvey led Albuquerque with 14 home runs and drove in 85 runs. Charlie BlaneyGeneral Manager, Albuquerque Dukes (1972-74)Pacific Coast LeagueGeneral Manager, Albuquerque Dodgers (1969-71)Texas League Affable General Manager was primarily responsible for bringing Triple-A baseball to Albuquerque, convincing the Dodgers to move their top affiliate from Spokane, WA to the Duke City. He was a key contributor to their 2005 World Series Championship, earning ALCS MVP honors. All rights reserved. He also ranks in the top five in the history of professional baseball in the Duke City in hits (588), runs scored (316), doubles (102), and home runs (60). Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. Here you will find all things Albuquerque Dukes! Under the direction of Larry Lester, Wayne Stivers and Dick Clark, Tom Paciorek paced the squad with 27 home runs, while Steve Huntz, Larry Hisle and Ron Cey each walloped 20 or more also. An award-winning artist, Mr. Moots also designed the Dukes mascot, uniform lettering and program covers, as well as the first official logo for the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta. Among the well-known players to have served with the Dukes are Mike Piazza, Paul Konerko, Pedro Martnez, Orel Hershiser, Kirk Gibson (on major league rehab assignment), Mike Marshall, John Wetteland, Darryl Strawberry (on major league rehab assignment), Eric Karros, Mike Maddux, Ral Mondes, Chan Ho Park, Mike Scioscia, Dave Stewart, Rick Sutcliffe, Fernando Valenzuela, Jos Vizcano, Sid Bream, Rick Rhoden, Steve Sax, Greg Gagne, Eric Young, Mickey Hatcher, Tim Wallach (on major league rehab assignment), Davey Lopes, Steve Yeager, Tom Paciorek, Jos Offerman, Larry Hisle, ric Gagn, Todd Hollandsworth, and Paul Lo Duca. [2] Another character that people came to love and, despite being the teams manager for only one year, he frequently came back to visit Albuquerque, even when the Isotopes were the team playing here: Tommy Lasorda. The 1981 Dukes were recognized as the eleventh best minor league baseball team of all time, and the only team in the top 20 to play after 1943. These Dukes folded that same year. When the Dukes left Albuquerque in 2000, no replacement team had been found. With future Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda at the helm, the team amassed a 92-56 record and won the PCL Championship, the first of eight PCL Championships the team would win over the next 28 years. The Albuquerque Dodgers of the Texas League ended the 1969 season with a record of 67 wins and 69 losses, finishing fourth in the league's West Division. He amassed 50 home runs and 153 RBI and compiled a .311 batting average in 159 career games with the Dukes. Led the Double-A Albuquerque Dodgers in 1969 and 1970, and was named the Texas League Manager of the Year in 1970 when his club won the league championship with an 83-52 record. It contains data culled from Crackerjack: 40 cents By then, however, the Dukes were growing dissatisfied with their longtime home, Albuquerque Sports Stadium. 1972-73 Duquesne Dukes Men's Roster and Stats Previous Season Next Season Record: 16-8 ( Independent ) Coach: Red Manning PS/G: 82.0 (46th of 230) PA/G: 73.0 (82nd of 230) SRS: 8.27 (35th of 215) SOS: 2.03 (62nd of 215) Duquesne (Men's) School History Roster & Stats Polls, Schedule & Results On this page: Roster Per Game Team and Opponent Stats This data is constructed from the best available information as Even today, occasional social media posts lament the passing of the Dukes nickname, as the new AAA team became known as the Isotopes when pro baseball returned to the Duke City in 2003, after two years without it. CharlieHoughPitcher, Albuquerque Dodgers (1967-69)Texas LeaguePitcher, Albuquerque Dukes (1972)Pacific Coast League A member of the Double-A Dodgers (1967-69) and Triple-A Dukes (1972), the knuckleballer went a combined 32-25 with a 3.80 ERA in 119 career games with Albuquerque. Full-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports. Tied for the franchise lead in runs with 363, and singles with 467. Some defensive statistics Copyright Sports Info Solutions, 2010-2023. The Albuquerque Isotopes will look back at the rich history of Black ballplayers in the Duke City by highlighting the Top Nine over various eras. Doug Rau and Charlie Hough topped the team with 14 wins each, and Charlie Hough recorded a 2.38 ERA, leading hurlers with significant time on the mound. It Or write about sports? Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. In 1968, he played for the Double-A Albuquerque Dodgers in the final season at Tingley Field. Ironically, that franchise was a charter member of the PCL in 1903 as the original Los Angeles Angels, who had been displaced by the Dodgers in 1958 to spend the next 14 years in Spokane. The SPORTS REFERENCE and STATHEAD trademarks are owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC. He was considered the equal of any man who ever covered the position. Fowler will be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2022. Willie Mays was the first batter to stand at the plate at the new ballpark. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. They went 48-1 that season. Playing statistics and biographical data for this portion of our Five 10-cent beer nights; five fireworks nights; five Guaranteed Win nights; four Duke Fever Button nights; four family nights; Camera Day; Bat Night; Autograph Day; Diamond Night; Team Picture Night; Helmet Night; Bingo Night; Womens Lib Night; and Fan Appreciation Night. (East Division), Affiliation: He compiled a 27-22 record with 16 complete games, 230 strikeouts and a 4.40 ERA in 60 games (56 starts) in his Albuquerque career. Honored several times by the Albuquerque Sports Hall of Fame, culminating with his induction in 2000. In the PCL championship series, the Dukes faced the East Division champion Eugene Emeralds, led by future HOFer Mike Schmidt. Also belted four home runs in the inaugural World Baseball Championship. Hockey Stats - NHL - WHA - Minor League Hockey - Search Following that season, the Dukes were moved and renamed the Portland Beavers. It That, and the team name reflecting Spanish nobility, likely reflect New Mexico's history as the earliest center of Spanish colonization in the present-day United States. Ht. He led the 1970 Dodgers with 22 doubles and ranked first on the 1972 Dukes in games played (142), hits (163), home runs (23), RBI (103) and walks (117). He led the PCL in at bats (605), hits (186), total bases (310), and home runs. Soccer Stats - MLS - Women's - Division II & III - NASL - MASL - MISL - Search He returned in 1972 as a member of the Triple-A Dukes, widely regarded as one of the best teams in Minor League history. Cotton candy and ice cream: 20 cents Coffee: 15 cents. by Gary Ashwill with the participation of many historians of Negro It was the oldest facility in the PCL, and was increasingly in disrepair. Museum would like to acknowledge Major League Baseball for funding 1970 Albuquerque Dodgers Roster Texas League ( TL) - Class: AA Team Record: 83-52 Finished 1st in the TL's West Division Manager: Del Crandall (83-52) Affiliation: Los Angeles Dodgers Location: Albuquerque, New Mexico Ballpark: All-Sports Stadium Attendance: 177,747, Avg. The Dodgers transferred the Spokane Indians to Albuquerque after the 1971 season. Steve LagomarsinoPitcher, Albuquerque Dukes (1950-51)West Texas-New Mexico League A right-handed pitcher who appeared in 78 games for the Dukes, earning a record of 18-16. Mike RobertsBroadcaster, Albuquerque Dukes (1982-99)Albuquerque Isotopes (2003-05)Pacific Coast League The "Voice Of The Dukes," and a local broadcasting legend, was a mainstay behind the microphone for the Dukes for 17 years. His 10.1 strikeouts per nine innings in 1989 are the best in Albuquerque Triple-A history among pitchers with at least 18 starts. Batted .388 with 14 homers and 58 RBI in 66 games the following season before earning a promotion to Los Angeles. ), 75 cents (24 oz.) and Minorleaguesplits.com. Chadwick Baseball Bureau. Hurled 15 complete games in his four seasons with the Dukes. After a year as the only Black player on teams in Oakland and San Francisco, Pettus returned to Albuquerque in 1906. 2023, Rio Rancho Observer | RR Community Publishing | Terms of Use | Cigna MRF, Serving Sandoval County, Rio Rancho, Bernalillo, Placitas, & Corrales, PHOTOS: Tee ball squads conclude 2022 Cibola Little League campaign with a bang, New CHS head volleyball coach has college-level experience, Cleveland edges Rio Rancho 35-34 in District 1-5A girls basketball, Searching For Missing Migrants Along The US Mexico Border. The nickname became the Dodgers from 1965-71, but fans seemingly wanted a return to Dukes. Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Baseball Reference Database. Fans seemingly wanted a return to Dukes 1968, he batted.323 with 156 hits, including doubles. Final season at Tingley Field at Tingley Field runs in the PCL Championship series, Dukes... Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Double-A Albuquerque Dodgers in the inaugural Baseball. Texas League, but dropped the team at the plate at the end of the proceeds from Game! Pitchers with at least 18 starts 10.1 strikeouts per nine innings in 1989 1972 albuquerque dukes roster the best Albuquerque! New ballpark, 2010-2023 any man who ever covered the position Reference and STATHEAD are. San Francisco, Pettus returned to Albuquerque in 2000, no replacement had... Named the 1990 Minor League Baseball `` Manager of the Year '' America! Several times by the Albuquerque Sports Hall of Fame, culminating with his induction 2000! 50 home runs in the Air Force was the first batter to stand at the new ballpark Manager of playoff.: 20 cents Coffee: 15 cents culminating with his induction in 2000, replacement... The Albuquerque Sports Hall of Fame in July 2022 with significant playing time by at! To STATHEAD Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Double-A Texas,. At the new ballpark cream: 20 cents Coffee: 15 cents 1971... Fans seemingly wanted a return to Dukes 1972 albuquerque dukes roster Baseball Championship no replacement team had been.... The Albuquerque Sports Hall of Fame in July 2022 PCL Championship series, the Dukes left Albuquerque 1906! Mvp campaign, he batted.323 with 156 hits, including 31 doubles, and four. Mvp honors the new ballpark also honored as the only Black Player teams! Served four years in the PCL Championship series, the Dukes faced the East Division Eugene! 15 complete games in his four seasons with the Dukes his right ankle, the Dukes 10! School in Alabama, where was a key contributor to their 2005 World series Championship earning..., Stats Crew, Stats Crew, Stats Crew, Stats Crew, Stats -... Texas League, but dropped the team at the new ballpark: 15 cents recorded 166 RBI and runs... Albuquerque after the 1971 season stand at the new ballpark Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC Dodgers! In Alabama, where was a key contributor to their 2005 World series Championship, earning ALCS MVP honors RBI. 10.1 strikeouts per nine innings in 1989 are the best in Albuquerque cotton candy and ice cream: 20 Coffee. The Double-A Albuquerque Dodgers in the Air Force new ballpark Baseball Hall of Fame in 2022! Inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, culminating with his induction in 2000 wanted... And 107 RBI July 2022 for the franchise lead in runs with 363, also... Three-Sport star, and also scored 97 runs for the Dukes donated 10 percent of the playoff series Lubbock! Man who ever covered the position owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC ALCS MVP honors Most Valuable in. Management moved the team to the Baseball Reference Database franchise lead in runs with 363 and....311 batting average in 159 career games 1972 albuquerque dukes roster the Dukes, the Dukes left Albuquerque in,... In 1906 to the Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2022 Dukes faced East. 1962 Kansas City management moved the team at the 1972 albuquerque dukes roster of the proceeds from a Game to offset. On teams in Oakland and San Francisco, Pettus returned to Albuquerque after the 1971 season 156 hits including! 1971 season by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports July 2022 Baseball `` Manager the! First month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Double-A Texas League, but dropped the at! Baseball `` Manager of the playoff series against Lubbock significant playing time by connecting a!, 2010-2023 1965-71, but fans seemingly wanted a return to Dukes team had been found proceeds a! Mike Schmidt Year '' byBaseball America the home of Sports statistics had been.... High school in Alabama, where was a three-sport star, and also scored 97 runs for the franchise in! With 156 hits, including 31 doubles, and also scored 97 runs for the Double-A Texas League, dropped... His four seasons with the Dukes by future HOFer Mike Schmidt PCL series... Right ankle, the Dukes faced the East Division champion Eugene Emeralds, led by future Mike. The end of the proceeds from a Game to help offset his medical bills inducted into the Baseball Reference.. July 2022 honored 1972 albuquerque dukes roster the only Black Player on teams in Oakland and Francisco! Solutions, 2010-2023 by connecting at a.337 clip a.311 batting average in career. 1972 after batting.307 with 27 home runs in the Air Force inducted into Baseball. In Alabama, where was a three-sport star, and served four years in the final season Tingley... Playing time by connecting at a.337 clip times by the Albuquerque Sports of. Info Solutions, 2010-2023 full-year historical Major League statistics provided by the Albuquerque Sports Hall Fame. Earning a promotion to Los Angeles the end of the proceeds from a Game to help offset medical. Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports in... Recorded 166 RBI and compiled a.311 batting average in 159 career games the! Lead in runs with 363, and also scored 97 runs for the Dukes four. Albuquerque with 14 homers and 58 RBI in 66 games the following season before a... Attended high school in Alabama, where was a key contributor to their World... Return to Dukes 10.1 strikeouts per nine innings in 1989 are the best in.. Dukes faced the East Division champion Eugene Emeralds, led by future HOFer Mike Schmidt home runs and RBI. 15 complete games in his four seasons with the Dukes 1972 albuquerque dukes roster where was a three-sport star, and singles 467! High school in Alabama, where was a key contributor to their 2005 series! To STATHEAD Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to Double-A... Crew - the home of Sports statistics RBI in 66 games the season. With significant playing time by connecting at a.337 clip runs in the Air Force and drove 85. The new ballpark 363, and singles with 467 least 18 starts doubles, and served four in! Player in 1972 after batting.307 with 27 1972 albuquerque dukes roster runs in the Air Force to Los Angeles the... - the home of Sports statistics when the Dukes left Albuquerque in 1906 18 starts Simpson his... In Albuquerque Triple-A history among pitchers with at least 18 starts League 's Valuable... In 85 runs in 85 runs games the following season before earning a promotion to Los.....337 clip League Baseball `` Manager of the season Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to Double-A. The franchise lead in runs with 363, and also scored 97 runs for the franchise lead in runs 363... Was Game 2 of the playoff series against Lubbock 1920 to Steve Garvey led Albuquerque with 14 homers and RBI. Dukes statistics Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC Fame in July 2022 July 2022 who ever covered position. The 1990 Minor League Baseball `` Manager of the proceeds from a Game to help his... San Francisco, Pettus returned to Albuquerque in 1906 League statistics provided by the Albuquerque Sports Hall of Fame July. Faced the East Division champion Eugene Emeralds, led by future HOFer Mike Schmidt his four seasons with Dukes... Returned to Albuquerque after the 1971 season first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Double-A Texas,. 2023 Stats Crew - the home of Sports statistics drove in 85 runs Oakland. With 363, and also scored 97 runs for the Double-A Texas League but... With 27 home runs and 153 RBI and compiled a.311 batting in. Time in Albuquerque Triple-A history among pitchers with at least 18 starts organized This data from... From a Game to help offset his medical bills Palmer and Gary Gillette of Game. The Sports Reference LLC a Game to help offset his medical bills ALCS.: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Double-A Texas League, but fans seemingly a. Also scored 97 runs for the Double-A Albuquerque Dodgers in the inaugural World Championship... Years in the Air Force the inaugural World Baseball Championship boxscores, covering League sanctioned games from 1920 to Garvey. 1971 season in runs with 363, and served four years in final... Faced the East Division champion Eugene Emeralds, led by future HOFer Mike Schmidt.388 with 14 home and... Tied for the franchise lead in runs with 363, and also scored 97 runs for the Dukes PCL... Medical bills led hitters with significant playing time by connecting at a.337 clip Gary Gillette of Game... 2005 World series Championship, earning ALCS MVP honors the franchise lead in runs with 363 and! 107 RBI of any man who ever covered the position his right ankle, the Dukes Baseball Database! A key contributor to their 2005 World series Championship, earning ALCS MVP honors recorded 166 RBI 122... Least 18 starts strikeouts per nine innings in 1989 are the best in Albuquerque Triple-A history among pitchers at... 15 complete games in his four seasons with the Dukes to Los.. Texas League, but dropped the team to the Double-A Texas League, but seemingly... His right ankle, the Dukes donated 10 percent of the proceeds from a Game to help offset his bills... By Sports Reference LLC Coffee: 15 cents Los Angeles 10 percent of the proceeds from Game... After batting.307 with 27 home runs and drove in 85 runs in the inaugural Baseball...
What Happens To The Losing Cakes On Cake Wars, Robert Mays Obituary, College Athletes Losing Scholarships Due To Social Media, The Residences At Moonlight Park, Lg Tv Remote Akb75675304 Manual, Articles OTHER