Pius XI, Litt. It also clarified the Church's mission as the universal . Let them, as fathers in Christ, take care of the faithful whom they have begotten by baptism and their teaching. S. Cyprianus, Epist. 3, 2: col. 1388 C. S. Andrcas Cret. (6*) Furthermore, the hierarchy, following with docility the prompting of the Holy Spirit, accepts the rules presented by outstanding men and women and authentically approves these rules after further adjustments. In all of Christ's disciples the Spirit arouses the desire to be peacefully united, in the manner determined by Christ, as one flock under one shepherd, and He prompts them to pursue this end. M., Philad., 1, 1; Magn. (22*) But it exhorts theologians and preachers of the divine word to abstain zealously both from all gross exaggerations as well as from petty narrow-mindedness in considering the singular dignity of the Mother of God. . 11, de Ecclesia Christi, c. 4: Mansi S3, 310. This is clearly proven by the example of so many holy founders. In the interim just as the Mother of Jesus, glorified in body and soul in heaven, is the image and beginning of the Church as it is to be perfected is the world to come, so too does she shine forth on earth, until the day of the Lord shall come,(304) as a sign of sure hope and solace to the people of God during its sojourn on earth. For the Church is compelled by the Holy Spirit to do her part that God's plan may be fully realized, whereby He has constituted Christ as the source of salvation for the whole world. Munificensissimus, 1 no. (10) Cfr. In the old Testament the revelation of the Kingdom is often conveyed by means of metaphors. . They must devote themselves with all their being to the glory of God and the service of their neighbor. (15) Cfr. Pius XII, Litt. 2. All the faithful, scattered though they be throughout the world, are in communion with each other in the Holy Spirit, and so, he who dwells in Rome knows that the people of India are his members"(9*). Since the Church, in Christ, is in the nature of to the state of those faithful called the laity. (14) S. Augustinus, Civ. (22) Before all things, however, the Kingdom is clearly visible in the very Person of Christ, the Son of God and the Son of Man, who came "to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many:"(23). Imitating the mother of her Lord, and by the power of the Holy Spirit, she keeps with virginal purity an entire faith, a firm hope and a sincere charity.(20*). 23 mart. All men are called to this union with Christ, who is the light of the world, from whom we go forth, through whom we live, and toward whom our whole life strains. (62) For this reason we, who have been made to conform with Him, who have died with Him and risen with Him, are taken up into the mysteries of His life, until we will reign together with Him. They must follow in His footsteps and conform themselves to His image seeking the will of the Father in all things. . (171) Being taken from among men, and himself beset with weakness, he is able to have compassion on the ignorant and erring. Though it is always in existence, the College is not as a result permanently engaged in strictly collegial activity; the Church's Tradition makes this clear. (10*), Bishops, therefore, with their helpers, the priests and deacons, have taken up the service of the community, (11*) presiding in place of God over the flock,(12*) whose shepherds they are, as teachers for doctrine, priests for sacred worship, and ministers for governing. B. V. Mariae, Hom. (236) The importance of the profession of the evangelical counsels is seen in the fact that it fosters the perfection of love of God and love of neighbor in an outstanding manner and that this profession is strengthened by vows. 1836 (3070) no. And for this reason the apostles, appointed as rulers in this society, took care to appoint successors. dogm. 710 ct 724 ss. Hence the Commission, almost unanimously, decided that this wording should be used: "in hierarchical communion." III, q. (18*) For in the mystery of the Church, which is itself rightly called mother and virgin, the Blessed Virgin stands out in eminent and singular fashion as exemplar both of virgin and mother. It is not only through the sacraments and the ministries of the Church that the Holy Spirit sanctifies and leads the people of God and enriches it with virtues, but, "allotting his gifts to everyone according as He wills,(114) He distributes special graces among the faithful of every rank. Wherefore to promote the glory of God and procure the salvation of all of these, and mindful of the command of the Lord, "Preach the Gospel to every creature",(130) the Church fosters the missions with care and attention. It has so often been said, wrote Fr. Encycl : Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) p . (208) Further, He has shared this power so that serving Christ in their fellow men they might by humility and patience lead their brethren to that King for whom to serve is to reign. The council fathers approved Lumen Gentium by a final vote of 2,151 to 5! "(7*) Comparing Mary with Eve, they call her "the Mother of the living,"(8*) and still more often they say: "death through Eve, life through Mary. The Church, or, in other words, the kingdom of Christ now present in mystery, grows visibly through the power of God in the world. Conc. For those ministers, who are endowed with sacred power, serve their brethren, so that all who are of the People of God, and therefore enjoy a true Christian dignity, working toward a common goal freely and in an orderly way, may arrive at salvation. He speaks to us in them, and gives us a sign of His Kingdom,(12*) to which we are strongly drawn, having so great a cloud of witnesses over us (276) and such a witness to the truth of the Gospel. Because the human race today is joining more and more into a civic, economic and social unity, it is that much the more necessary that priests, by combined effort and aid, under the leadership of the bishops and the Supreme Pontiff, wipe out every kind of separateness, so that the whole human race may be brought into the unity of the family of God. Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. Pius XI, Litt. 65, 1: PG 59, 361. This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic magisterium of the Roman Pontiff, even when he is not speaking ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown in such a way that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will. Until the Lord shall come in His majesty, and all the angels with Him (266) and death being destroyed, all things are subject to Him,(277) some of His disciples are exiles on earth, some having died are purified, and others are in glory beholding "clearly God Himself triune and one, as He is";(1*) but all in various ways and degrees are in communion in the same charity of God and neighbor and all sing the same hymn of glory to our God. Apost. Pius XII, Alloc. Statuta Eccl. The documents of recent Pontiffs regarding the jurisdiction of bishops must be interpreted in terms of this necessary determination of powers. 37. Provida Mater, 2 febr. The Drafting of 'Lumen Gentium'. By. Rom. . The reason for this was and is that perfect continency for the love of God is an incentive to charity, and is certainly a particular source of spiritual fecundity in the world. 232, 2: col. 1108. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this salvific duty, but by her constant intercession continued to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation. 6: Denz. (293) After this manner the Blessed Virgin advanced in her pilgrimage of faith, and faithfully persevered in her union with her Son unto the cross, where she stood, in keeping with the divine plan,(294) grieving exceedingly with her only begotten Son, uniting herself with a maternal heart with His sacrifice, and lovingly consenting to the immolation of this Victim which she herself had brought forth. 1944: AAS 36 (1944) p. 137. Dei Verbum, Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation, November 15, 1965. (13) Cfr. B. M., Ms. Paris, Mazarine, 1002, fol. S. Io. Tridentinum Sess. (283) "He for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit from the Virgin Mary. In B. V. Fully conscious of this communion of the whole Mystical Body of Jesus Christ, the pilgrim Church from the very first ages of the Christian religion has cultivated with great piety the memory of the dead,(6*) and "because it is a holy and wholesome thought to pray for the dead that they may be loosed from their sins",(273) also offers suffrages for them. Vatican II document, Lumen Gentium . In this way they are really made holy. 3: Mansi 10, 1151. (15*) By her maternal charity, she cares for the brethren of her Son, who still journey on earth surrounded by dangers and cultics, until they are led into the happiness of their true home. (1*) While it transcends all limits of time and confines of race, the Church is destined to extend to all regions of the earth and so enters into the history of mankind. Second Vatican Council, Lumen Gentium 16, November 21, 1964 "But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator, in the first place among whom are the Muslims: these profess to hold the faith of Abraham, and together with us they adore the one, merciful God, mankind's judge on the last day." (71) Ordo consecrationis sacerdotalis, in impositione vestimentorum. Pius XII Litt. 1923: AAS 15 (1923) p. 50 ct pp. . They continually stir up the fervor of charity. Rerum omnium, 26 ian. Benedictus XV, Epist. V, c. 2, n. 9; et Sess. Embracing God's salvific will with a full heart and impeded by no sin, she devoted herself totally as a handmaid of the Lord to the person and work of her Son, under Him and with Him, by the grace of almighty God, serving the mystery of redemption. Cabasilas, De vita in Christo, lib. Funk, I, p. 300: Christus dicitur . This Sacred Council wishes to turn its attention firstly to the Catholic faithful. Rom. (19) Cfr. The Commission has decided to preface the assessment of the Modi with the following general observations. 56. (8) Cfr. Some of these churches, notably the ancient patriarchal churches, as parent-stocks of the Faith, so to speak, have begotten others as daughter churches, with which they are connected down to our own time by a close bond of charity in their sacramental life and in their mutual respect for their rights and duties. Unusquisque proprium donum (idion charisma) habet ex Deo: alius quidem sic alius vero sic .. Cfr. (214) He united her to Himself as His own body and brought it to perfection by the gift of the Holy Spirit for God's glory. (285) She stands out among the poor and humble of the Lord, who confidently hope for and receive salvation from Him. Decretum De Apostolatu laicorum, cap. This is explicitly affirmed in n. 22, 12, and is explained at the end of that section. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) p. 237. Leo XIII, Epist. Likewise, the holiness of the Church is fostered in a special way by the observance of the counsels proposed in the Gospel by Our Lord to His disciples. For they not only had helpers in their ministry,(4*) but also, in order that the mission assigned to them might continue after their death, they passed on to their immediate cooperators, as it were, in the form of a testament, the duty of confirming and finishing the work begun by themselves,(5*) recommending to them that they attend to the whole flock in which the Holy Spirit placed them to shepherd the Church of God. I: Mansi 52, 1213 AC. Just as the priesthood of Christ is shared in various ways both by the ministers and by the faithful, and as the one goodness of God is really communicated in different ways to His creatures, so also the unique mediation of the Redeemer does not exclude but rather gives rise to a manifold cooperation which is but a sharing in this one source. Celebrating the Eucharistic sacrifice therefore, we are most closely united to the Church in heaven in communion with and venerating the memory first of all of the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, of Blessed Joseph and the blessed apostles and martyrs and of all the saints. (23*) Following the study of Sacred Scripture, the Holy Fathers, the doctors and liturgy of the Church, and under the guidance of the Church's magisterium, let them rightly illustrate the duties and privileges of the Blessed Virgin which always look to Christ, the source of all truth, sanctity and piety. VII: Denz. He remains indeed in the bosom of the Church, but, as it were, only in a "bodily" manner and not "in his heart. Funk, I, p. 400. (116), 13. Each and all these items which are set forth in this dogmatic Constitution have met with the approval of the Council Fathers. 371: Mansi 3, 954. Dei gcnitricis, Hom. Fulgens corona, 8 sept. 1953: AAS 45 (1953) pp. Deut. And he is always free to exercise this power. Though they differ from one another in essence and not only in degree, the common priesthood of the faithful and the ministerial or hierarchical priesthood are nonetheless interrelated: each of them in its own special way is a participation in the one priesthood of Christ. Pius XII, Const. 12, 48: Omni autem, cui multum datum est, multum quaeretur ab eo. 1712l (3011). (92) Its end is the kingdom of God, which has been begun by God Himself on earth, and which is to be further extended until it is brought to perfection by Him at the end of time, when Christ, our life,(93) shall appear, and "creation itself will be delivered from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God". He does this not only through the hierarchy who teach in His name and with His authority, but also through the laity whom He made His witnesses and to whom He gave understanding of the faith (sensu fidei) and an attractiveness in speech(200) so that the power of the Gospel might shine forth in their daily social and family life. (231) This is a precious gift of divine grace given by the Father to certain souls,(232) whereby they may devote themselves to God alone the more easily, due to an undivided heart. (4) S. Cyprianus, De Orat Dom. It flows forth from the superabundance of the merits of Christ, rests on His mediation, depends entirely on it and draws all its power from it. When she presented Him to the Lord in the temple, making the offering of the poor, she heard Simeon foretelling at the same time that her Son would be a sign of contradiction and that a sword would pierce the mother's soul, that out of many hearts thoughts might be revealed. Apost. 13, 12: PL 35 1499. (6) S. Clem. Pius XII, Litt. . (117) It was for this purpose that God sent His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things,(118) that be might be teacher, king and priest of all, the head of the new and universal people of the sons of God. Although the individual bishops do not enjoy the prerogative of infallibility, they nevertheless proclaim Christ's doctrine infallibly whenever, even though dispersed through the world, but still maintaining the bond of communion among themselves and with the successor of Peter, and authentically teaching matters of faith and morals, they are in agreement on one position as definitively to be held. In that Body the life of Christ is poured into the believers who, through the sacraments, are united in a hidden and real way to Christ who suffered and was glorified. dogm. The laity are gathered together in the People of God and make up the Body of Christ under one head. Nor should they omit to pray for those placed over them, for they keep watch as having to render an account of their souls, so that they may do this with joy and not with grief. Let all then have care that they guide aright their own deepest sentiments of soul. (5) Cfr. Encycl. The Sacred Scriptures of both the Old and the New Testament, as well as ancient Tradition show the role of the Mother of the Saviour in the economy of salvation in an ever clearer light and draw attention to it. 21 November, 1964. 3-16; Download Chapter 2: The Fate of Collegiality in the Postconciliar Church; pp. Pius IX itt. . Cfr. Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked by the Church under the titles of Advocate, Auxiliatrix, Adjutrix, and Mediatrix. This was the same Christ Jesus, who "emptied Himself, taking the nature of a slave . It begs aid and grace from God for them by its public prayer. 994 et 999 (1862 et 1868). etiam Mt. (12*) It is charity which guides us to our final end. (57) What has a special place among these gifts is the grace of the apostles to whose authority the Spirit Himself subjected even those who were endowed with charisms. (19*) Nor does Divine Providence deny the helps necessary for salvation to those who, without blame on their part, have not yet arrived at an explicit knowledge of God and with His grace strive to live a good life. Cod. dogm. 48: Mansi 51, 549 s. et 619 s. Leo XIII, Epist. Mystici Corporis, 19 iun. 16. 14, 27: PL 44, 980. summary. 46 (47) 2: PG 58, 78, de fermento in massa. Lc. Origenes, In Matth. (29) In the latter instance, without the action of the head, the bishops are not able to act as a College: this is clear from the concept of "College." For you are all 'one' in Christ Jesus". She gives them the dispositions necessary for baptism, snatches them from the slavery of error and of idols and incorporates them in Christ so that through charity they may grow up into full maturity in Christ. Rom., ad Cor. Relatio officialis Zinelli, in Conc. N.B. Tertull., Praescr. Pius XII, Adhort. Christ, becoming obedient even unto death and because of this exalted by the Father,(206) entered into the glory of His kingdom. (191) Therefore, the chosen People of God is one: "one Lord, one faith, one baptism"(192); sharing a common dignity as members from their regeneration in Christ, having the same filial grace and the same vocation to perfection; possessing in common one salvation, one hope and one undivided charity. (6) As often as the sacrifice of the cross in which Christ our Passover was sacrificed, is celebrated on the altar, the work of our redemption is carried on, and, in the sacrament of the eucharistic bread, the unity of all believers who form one body in Christ (8) is both expressed and brought about. 63: PL 144, 861 AB. 1894; AAS 26 (1893-94) p. 707. Not only, then, is the people of God made up of different peoples but in its inner structure also it is composed of various ranks. 1: col. 1068 C. - S. Sophronius, Or. (8*) Thus, as St. Irenaeus testifies, through those who were appointed bishops by the apostles, and through their successors down in our own time, the apostolic tradition is manifested (9*) and preserved. There is but one Mediator as we know from the words of the apostle, "for there is one God and one mediator of God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself a redemption for all". (3) Cfr. As living stones we here on earth are built into it. 1950: AAS 42 (1950) Denz. Vat. Leo XIII, Epist. (19) In Trad. Indeed, the very ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts of the world were in communion with one another and with the Bishop of Rome in a bond of unity, charity and peace,(23*) and also the councils assembled together,(24*) in which more profound issues were settled in common, (25*) the opinion of the many having been prudently considered,(26*) both of these factors are already an indication of the collegiate character and aspect of the Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the course of centuries are also manifest proof of that same character. 966 (1776). (41*), And this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. Then, with combined rejoicing we celebrate together the praise of the divine majesty;(18*) then all those from every tribe and tongue and people and nation (278) who have been redeemed by the blood of Christ and gathered together into one Church, with one song of praise magnify the one and triune God. The Church does not hesitate to profess this subordinate role of Mary. 12, 15: PG 33, 741 AB. His Mother indeed kept these things to be pondered over in her heart. 64. (16*) They also share with us in prayer and other spiritual benefits. (35) On this foundation the Church is built by the apostles,(36) and from it the Church receives durability and consolidation. question is Lumen gentium 16.4 There are two other Vatican II texts that deal with this question Jesus' teaching being followed in light of the impending judgment and separation of those who are on very different paths. Moving forward through trial and tribulation, the Church is strengthened by the power of God's grace, which was promised to her by the Lord, so that in the weakness of the flesh she may not waver from perfect fidelity, but remain a bride worthy of her Lord, and moved by the Holy Spirit may never cease to renew herself, until through the Cross she arrives at the light which knows no setting. Conc. (34) Cfr. : PL S4, 7S9. (19*) By her belief and obedience, not knowing man but overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, as the new Eve she brought forth on earth the very Son of the Father, showing an undefiled faith, not in the word of the ancient serpent, but in that of God's messenger. (20*) She knows that it is given by Him who enlightens all men so that they may finally have life. (4) Cfr. PL 78, 224. (72), 8. Oec. (6) Cfr. It is for this reason that the Church preserves and fosters the special character of her various religious institutes. Ferr.-Flor. 6, 69 (ho hagios tou theou); Act. 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