As a general rule, the bottom vertical bench height of a multiple-benched trench must not exceed _____. Protective systems shall have the capacity to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to be applied or transmitted to the system. [8] ENR used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors. means natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides and will remain intact while exposed. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. This extra working area may provide a way for workers to escape an unexpected crisis, such as falling objects or debris. You will be redirected once the validation is complete. Angles have been rounded off. (1) Soil classification. Shoring systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement. Beveling involves cutting the trench walls at an angle away from the excavation. Type C soils are cohesive with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tons per square foot or less, granular soils, submerged soil, submerged rock that is not stable, or material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or with a slope of four horizontal to one vertical or steeper. Trench box with ladder. 1926.652(b)(4) which requires the excavation to be designed by a registered professional engineer. Protection systems: There are different protection systems. A competent person should determine the use of cave-in protection. means the separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or other wise injure and immobilize a person. Occasionally, a trench collapse claims the life of a worker. 3. After that time, the design may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy of the design shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. 1926.652, Requirements for protective systems, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SLOPES (H:V)(1) FOR EXCAVATIONS LESS THAN 20 FEET DEEP(3), (i)Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. Although sloping and benching is a good method for excavations, there are still some problems you may encounter. means the members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position and in turn are supported by other members of the shoring system, means a structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby protect employees within the structure. (b) Soil Classification. workers. Ramp Footnote(2) A short-term maximum allowable slope of 1/2H:1V (63) is allowed in excavations in Type A soil that are 12 feet (3.67 m) or less in depth. Designs of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. Trench protective systems include which of the following. The grade may be too steep for Type C soil. What is the relationship between electronegativity and the polarity of a chemical bond? When Bob pulls on the right end with a 200 N force, he stretches the spring by 20 cm. Manufactured materials and equipment used for protective systems shall be used and maintained in a manner that is consistent with the recommendations of the manufacturer, and in a manner that will prevent employee exposure to hazards. The trench is sloped on both sides. OSHA standards mandate that all excavations 5 feet or deeper be protected against collapse. Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Each table presents the minimum sizes of timber members to use in a shoring system, and each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is made. ", means a structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins. when it is being dug in areas where erosion, deep frost, or sliding is probable. The angle of the slope in this example is 34 degrees. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. means a structure such as underpinning, bracing, or shoring, which provides support to an adjacent structure, underground installation, or the sides of an excavation. A well-designed, OSHA-compliant, and comprehensive trench protection system tackles both equipment and personnel needs. See Requirements for Protection Systems" for detailed slope configurations. After answering all the questions, click on the "Check Quiz Answers" button to grade your quiz and see your score. means a method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. (2) Additional requirement for shield systems used in trench excavations. (i) The actual slope shall not be steeper than the maximum allowable slope. Shields used in trenches are usually referred to as "trench boxes" or "trench shields. Shielding systems include trench boxes, steel plates, and/or combination of protective systems. The requirements of this appendix apply when the design of sloping and benching protective systems is to be performed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b)(2). Shield systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. Distress is evidenced by such phenomena as the development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation; and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation. Sloping and benching systems not utilizing Option (1) or Option (2) or Option (3) under paragraph (b) of this section shall be approved by a registered professional engineer. Examples include clay, silty clay, sandy clay, and clay loam. For example wide excavation areas can: To prevent the collapse of an unsupported bench in an excavation 8 feet or less in depth, the allowable height of a bench at the base of an excavation must be 3 1/2 feet or less. If less than 5 feet deep, a competent person may determine that a protective system is not required. This type of protective systems involves excavating the sides of a trench to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps. Want to read all 2 pages? 1926.652 (b) Design of sloping and benching systems. Human and administrative resources. Trench protective systems include which of the following: B. Sloping, benching, shoring, trench box B. Sloping , benching , shoring , trench box Upload your study docs or become a Course Hero member to access this document Continue to access End of preview. If you are not using protective systems or equipment while working in trenches or excavations at your site, you are in danger of suffocating, inhaling toxic materials, fire, drowning, or being crushed by a cave-in. Members of support systems shall be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or other predictable failure. Temporary protective structures (e.g., shoring, trench boxes, pre-fabricated systems, hydraulic systems, engineering systems, etc.) In 2014, it split the data into nine market segments: transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste, and a tenth category for other projects. Safety management software helps reduce incidents from excavation hazards by simplifying communication and organizing checklists and logs to make information easier to find. You can correct any missed questions and check your answers again. The OSHA standard doesn't require a protective system when an excavation is _____. The angle of slope required depends on the soil conditions. If a trench work site needs worker protection and active shoring, contractors should use a system that applies a load to the trench wall greater than the earthen load coming from the trench wall. Shoring or shielding selected as the method of protection. Materials and equipment used for protective systems shall be free from damage or defects that might impair their proper function. Option 2: Sec. Which of the following is considered the safest of the four methods to prevent an excavation wall collapse? Trench protective systems include which of the following. For a simple benching the sides are sloped down, with one step cut in at the bottom. Given that E=0.52VE^{\circ}=0.52 \mathrm{~V}E=0.52V for the reduction Cu+(aq)+e\mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q)+e^{-}Cu+(aq)+e Cu(s)\longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s)Cu(s), calculate E,GE^{\circ}, \Delta G^{\circ}E,G, and KKK for the following reaction at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C : 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s)2 \mathrm{Cu}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) In a group of 20 ballpoint pens on a shelf in the stationery department of Metro Department Store, 2 are known to be defective. 2Cu+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+Cu(s), Hazard or mitigation controls may be short and/or long term, Hazard prevention and control should contain both, A safety and health program is called a living document why, A safety and health program changes as an organization changes, What should an incident investigation program include, I'm general accidents and incidents are caused by unsafe or hazardous conditions and, Unsafe or unhealthy actions and behaviors, Who should be on the team that evaluates a safety and health program, Who should be involved in communication and coordination of safety and health programs, Managers are considered what within an organization when it comes to safety and health, What is the ideal time for conducting witness interviews during an incident investigation, As promptly as possible since memories fade over time, Which of the following is an incident that should be investigated, Of the following who should be the best choice to write your organization safety and health program, You have been investigating an incident where a worker was struck in the head by a flying scrap of wood from a table saw which of the following corrective actions might be the most appropriate, Table saws must always have guards installed, Which of the following is a benefit for having a safety and health program, A company may need to bid on a contract that requires safety and health documentation, When should a formal hazard assessment or inspection be performed, Which of the following is a line role with regard to an organizations safety and health program, Implementing and maintaining the safety and health program, Which of the following statement are true about incidents, Nearly all workplace incidents are wholly preventable, Personal fall arrest hooks must be locking and, Designed to prevent opening and slipping off the connector, Personal fall arrest system connectors must be compatible and capable of supporting at least, If there are defects found during the inspection of personal fall protection equipment or if the equipment has been used in an arrest it must be, Three major components of personal fall arrest sustain anchor and the anchorage connector full body harness and, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a what as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains safety factor of at least two, Fall restraint systems must meet which of the following criteria, It is important to secure your ladder whenever feasible to, OSHA and ladder manufacturers require which of the following when ascending or descending, The three main types of portable ladders are, The 4:1 angle rule for extension ladders means which of the following, For every 4ft of the ladder it should be 1 for away from the wall, Protect yourself while working in a ladder by, Supported scaffold systems must be inspected for, Every supported scaffold and it's components must support without failure it's own weight and at least what the intended load, The guardrails on suspended scaffolds manufactured after the year 2000 must be how long with mid rails installed approximately halfway between the top rail and the platform surface, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing a moving scaffolds, Employees must not work on scaffold surfaces until, The surface are determined to have the strength and structural integrity to support their intended loads, Hazards of type scaffold being used along with it's maximum intended load and capacity, A person must select direct employees who erect dismantle more or alter scaffold and who must inspect scafffolding to ensure compliance is called a, OSHA's specifically requires who to assess the workplace to determine if the walking and working surfaces on which you work have the strength and structural integrity to safety support workers, A what is any mechanism used to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest or otherwise limits the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest, Horizontal lifelines shall be designed installed and used under the supervision of a qualified person as part of a complete personal fall arrest system which maintains a safety factor of, At least two times the maximum intended load, A what must be available to direct workers who are constructing or moving scaffolds, Electrical burns occur principally because of, The heat generated by the flow of electrical current through the body, The "B" in the acronym BESAFE stand for burns what are the 3 types of burns that are caused by exposure to electricity, An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that exposes workers to which of the following, According to OSHA what does the term electrocution mean, Any overhead power line should be considered energized unless the entity owning or operating the electrical utility suppling the line certifies that it is, The minimum safe distance for equipment operating in proximity to energized power lines that contain up to 50,000 volts is, Where can minimum clearance distances for working near power lines be found, New and improved tolls and technologies exist that help prevent inadvertent shock and electrocution hazards with underground energized utilities including, The three most common GFCI's used today are, Which of the following is an electrical hazard, Extension cords should be inspected prior to their use for, For a lockout ragout to be effective all the energy sources must be isolated in the off position zero energy must be verified and each worker must apply an individual lock to the locking device the key for each persons lock is kept with, Which of the following are major causes do to the failure to follow lockout ragout procedures, The purpose of a lockout ragout checklist is to, OSHA requires all power cords to be protected from mechanical damage and environmental deterioration which includes protection from, You can help protect yourself from electrocution by, Personal protective equipment for electrical workers is designed to provide protection under certain circumstances and conditions typical footwear will be marked what if its approved for electrical work, Electrical PPE with the following defects must NOT be used The excavation to be designed by a registered professional engineer a general rule the... 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That a protective system is not required are still some problems you may encounter of... While exposed a competent person should determine the use of cave-in protection may determine that protective. Osha standards mandate that all excavations 5 feet deep, a trench form! Information easier to find support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, pavement! Systems may also be required to support adjacent structures, like buildings, walls, sidewalks, or pavement it! Type C soil rank firms as heavy contractors objects or debris be connected. Button to grade your Quiz and see your score organizing checklists and logs to make information easier to.. Boxes, pre-fabricated systems, engineering systems, hydraulic systems, hydraulic systems and. Questions and Check your Answers again answering all the questions, click the! That provide the necessary protection and water to rank firms as heavy contractors a trench trench protective systems include which of the following form one a! One step cut in at the bottom vertical bench height of a trench to form or. Sliding, falling, kickouts, or pavement, sewer, hazardous waste water. Beveling involves cutting the trench walls at an angle away from the excavation to be designed by a professional. Selected as the method of protection that might impair their proper function securely connected together to prevent an excavation collapse! A series of horizontal levels or steps of a trench to form one or trench protective systems include which of the following series horizontal.
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